Some apps used Google’s (now deprecated) UsbDevice API to access raw USB packets and implement basic 802.11 frames in userspace. However, these apps lack the necessary driver stack to negotiate WPA2/3 encryption or handle the adapter’s firmware. At best, you might see beacons; you will never connect to a network.
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If your device is not rooted, you have extremely limited options. Some apps used Google’s (now deprecated) UsbDevice API
: This is the most reliable "paper" or guide for using this adapter on Android. If your phone supports a NetHunter Kernel , it typically includes the drivers for the Atheros AR9271 (V1) natively. Android Apps (Limited) : Some apps like Intercepter-NG you might see beacons