Integrating social and emotional themes into puberty education moves the conversation toward a holistic model of health. This approach prioritizes the development of self-esteem and interpersonal competence.

| Aspect | 1991 | 2021 | |--------|------|------| | | Not mandatory; school-dependent | Mandatory from ages 5–18 (both communities) | | Main focus | Disease prevention, biological reproduction | Holistic: pleasure, consent, identity, relationships | | Puberty teaching | Gender-separated, clinical | Co-ed, inclusive of emotional & social changes | | Topics excluded | Masturbation, sexual orientation, gender identity, pornography | All included (age-appropriately) | | Role of internet | None | Central (online safety, pornography literacy) | | Inclusivity | Heteronormative, binary | LGBTQ+ inclusive, disability-adapted | | Parental role | Minimal, often avoidance | Partnership with schools |

: Implement and evaluate sexual education programs based on evidence of their effectiveness in improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.