The Indian Constitution is unique in recognizing animal protection at a foundational level:
The true rights-based standard comes from law professor Gary Francione. His "abolitionist" approach is stark and uncompromising: And persons have one fundamental right: the right not to be treated as property. The Indian Constitution is unique in recognizing animal
How welfare leads to better regulations in farming (cage-free), lab testing (the 3 Rs: Replacement, Reduction, Refinement), and pet ownership. The Limitation: Welfare assumes humans use animals, provided the suffering is minimized. 3. The Philosophy of Animal Rights Sentience and Moral Status: lab testing (the 3 Rs: Replacement
Welfare, in its current form, is a floor. But ethicists ask: Is it ethical to install a floor over an abyss? in its current form