Ibn Qayyim argues that love was created as a necessity. He explains that the soul is naturally drawn to what benefits it and repelled by what harms it. He dissects the three types of souls: the commanding soul (al-ammara), the self-reproaching soul (al-lawwama), and the tranquil soul (al-mutmainna).
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Ibn Qayyim writes: “The heart, in its journey to Allah, is like a bird. Love is its head, and fear and hope are its two wings.” Ibn Qayyim argues that love was created as a necessity
The book is structured as a metaphorical journey. It details stages like repentance, patience, and truthfulness that a believer must traverse to reach the ultimate stage of Oneness with Allah . the self-reproaching soul (al-lawwama)